Which law protects a patient's right to use their medical information?

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) is the correct answer as it specifically establishes safeguards to protect the privacy and security of health information. Under HIPAA, patients have rights related to their medical information, including the right to access their health records, request corrections, and receive information about how their data is shared.

HIPAA sets national standards for the protection of health information, ensuring that patients' personal health information cannot be disclosed without their consent. This legislation is critical in establishing trust in the healthcare system by giving patients more control over their personal health data.

The other options, while they may touch on aspects of healthcare and data management, do not focus specifically on the rights of patients regarding their medical information in the same manner as HIPAA does. The HITECH Act enhances some HIPAA provisions, but it does not independently establish patient rights. The Patient Safety and Quality Improvement Act primarily aims to improve patient safety through better data sharing practices among healthcare providers, and the Affordable Care Act focuses on expanding access to health insurance and improving healthcare quality without directly addressing the privacy of medical records.